EV Range Calculator
Estimate your EV's remaining range from battery capacity, energy consumption in Wh/mile or Wh/km, and current state of charge.
See realistic range under load.
Electric vehicle range is determined by battery capacity, energy consumption efficiency, speed, terrain, temperature, and driving behavior. Unlike gasoline vehicles (where MPG is relatively stable), EV range can vary by 30–50% depending on conditions.
Core range formula: Range (km) = Battery Capacity (kWh) × Usable Percentage / Consumption Rate (kWh/km)
Or equivalently: Range (miles) = Battery Capacity (kWh) × Usable % / Consumption Rate (kWh/mile)
Key variables:
- Usable battery %: Most EVs protect 10–20% of capacity (top and bottom buffers) to preserve battery health. A 75 kWh battery may offer 70 kWh usable.
- Consumption rate: Depends heavily on speed, climate, and HVAC use. Measured in kWh/100 km or miles/kWh (MPGe).
EPA efficiency ratings by speed:
| Speed | Typical Consumption |
|---|---|
| 55 mph (highway) | 0.25–0.35 kWh/mile |
| 65 mph | 0.30–0.40 kWh/mile |
| 75 mph | 0.38–0.50 kWh/mile |
Temperature range penalty (vs. 70°F/21°C baseline):
- 0°F (−18°C): Range drops 20–40% (heating battery + cabin)
- 95°F (35°C): Range drops 4–10% (cooling)
- 70°F (21°C): Rated/baseline range
Speed penalty: Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed. Driving 75 mph vs. 55 mph typically reduces range by 15–25%.
Worked example: Tesla Model 3 Standard Range: 57.5 kWh total, 53 kWh usable. EPA-rated 272 miles. Highway at 70 mph (0.32 kWh/mile): Range = 53 / 0.32 = 166 miles (39% less than EPA city estimate)
Same car in winter at 20°F, highway 65 mph (0.42 kWh/mile + 30% cold penalty): Effective consumption = 0.42 × 1.30 = 0.546 kWh/mile Range = 53 / 0.546 = 97 miles — plan charging stops accordingly.
Charging time formula: Charge Time (hours) = kWh Needed / Charger Power (kW) Level 2 (11 kW): 53 kWh / 11 = 4.8 hours for full charge DC Fast (150 kW): 53 × 0.80 / 150 = 0.28 hours (17 min to 80%)