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Dilution Factor and Serial Dilution Calculator

Calculate C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ for single dilutions.
Also calculate serial dilutions showing concentration at each step.
Essential for lab prep and microbiology.

Dilution Result

Dilution reduces the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

Single dilution formula:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

The moles of solute remain constant; only the volume changes.

  • C₁ = initial concentration, V₁ = initial volume
  • C₂ = final concentration, V₂ = final volume

Dilution factor:

DF = C₁/C₂ = V₂/V₁

Volume of solvent to add:

V_solvent = V₂ - V₁

Serial dilutions involve a series of equal dilution steps, each using the previous step’s diluted solution.

For each step: C_n = C_{n-1} × (V_transfer / V_total)

After n steps:

C_n = C₀ × (V_transfer / V_total)^n

Common serial dilution ratios:

  • 1:10 (1 part + 9 parts solvent): each step multiplies by 0.1
  • 1:2 (1 part + 1 part): each step multiplies by 0.5
  • 1:5 (1 part + 4 parts): each step multiplies by 0.2

Applications:

  • Microbiology: serial dilutions to count bacteria (colony counting)
  • Pharmacology: drug concentration curves
  • Chemistry: preparing calibration standards
  • Clinical lab: diluting blood samples before analysis

Example — 1:10 serial dilution from 1 M: Step 1: 0.1 M, Step 2: 0.01 M, Step 3: 0.001 M (1 mM), Step 4: 0.0001 M (100 μM)


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