EV Range Calculator
Estimate your EV's remaining range from battery capacity, energy consumption in Wh/mile or Wh/km, and current state of charge.
See realistic range under load.
Electric vehicle range is determined by battery capacity, energy consumption efficiency, speed, terrain, temperature, and driving behavior. Unlike gasoline vehicles (where MPG is relatively stable), EV range can vary by 30–50% depending on conditions.
Core range formula: Range (km) = Battery Capacity (kWh) × Usable Percentage / Consumption Rate (kWh/km)
Or equivalently: Range (miles) = Battery Capacity (kWh) × Usable % / Consumption Rate (kWh/mile)
Key variables:
- Usable battery %: Most EVs protect 10–20% of capacity (top and bottom buffers) to preserve battery health. A 75 kWh battery may offer 70 kWh usable.
- Consumption rate: Depends heavily on speed, climate, and HVAC use. Measured in kWh/100 km or miles/kWh (MPGe).
EPA efficiency ratings by speed:
| Speed | Typical Consumption |
|---|---|
| 55 mph (highway) | 0.25–0.35 kWh/mile |
| 65 mph | 0.30–0.40 kWh/mile |
| 75 mph | 0.38–0.50 kWh/mile |
Temperature range penalty (vs. 70°F/21°C baseline):
- 0°F (−18°C): Range drops 20–40% (heating battery + cabin)
- 95°F (35°C): Range drops 4–10% (cooling)
- 70°F (21°C): Rated/baseline range
Speed penalty: Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed. Driving 75 mph vs. 55 mph typically reduces range by 15–25%.
Worked example: Tesla Model 3 Standard Range: 57.5 kWh total, 53 kWh usable. EPA-rated 272 miles. Highway at 70 mph (0.32 kWh/mile): Range = 53 / 0.32 = 166 miles (39% less than EPA city estimate)
Same car in winter at 20°F, highway 65 mph (0.42 kWh/mile + 30% cold penalty): Effective consumption = 0.42 × 1.30 = 0.546 kWh/mile Range = 53 / 0.546 = 97 miles — plan charging stops accordingly.
Charging time formula: Charge Time (hours) = kWh Needed / Charger Power (kW) Level 2 (11 kW): 53 kWh / 11 = 4.8 hours for full charge DC Fast (150 kW): 53 × 0.80 / 150 = 0.28 hours (17 min to 80%)
Real-world consumption by EV class (metric)
If you don’t know your own car’s average, these starting points work well:
| EV class | Typical consumption (kWh/100 km) | Example models |
|---|---|---|
| Small city EV | 13–16 | Nissan Leaf, VW e-Up, Fiat 500e |
| Compact / mid-size | 15–18 | Tesla Model 3, VW ID.3, Hyundai Kona EV |
| Large EV / SUV | 18–25 | Tesla Model Y, Audi e-tron, Kia EV6, Hyundai Ioniq 5 |
| Performance EV | 22–30 | Porsche Taycan, BMW iX, Lucid Air |
| Electric pickup truck | 28–40 | Ford F-150 Lightning, Rivian R1T, Tesla Cybertruck |
Doubling the size of your battery roughly doubles range only when consumption stays constant, which it usually doesn’t — heavier vehicles use more energy per mile.
Manufacturer rated range: EPA, WLTP, and NEDC
Three test cycles produce three different rated ranges:
- EPA (US): Most realistic; combined city/highway with cold-and-hot adjustments. Real-world is typically 85–100% of EPA rating.
- WLTP (Europe): Optimistic; lab tests at moderate speeds. Real-world is typically 70–85% of WLTP.
- NEDC (older standard, China still uses it): Most optimistic; real-world often 55–70% of NEDC.
When comparing two EVs from different markets, do the conversion: a 600 km WLTP Model Y is roughly the same as a 528 km EPA Model Y, both of which deliver about 450–500 km in mixed real-world driving.
How we build and check this calculator
This calculator runs entirely in your browser, so the numbers you enter stay on your device. The math behind it is written by hand and tested against worked examples and standard references before the page goes live.
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