Engineering Formulas

Thermal Resistance Formula

Calculate thermal resistance using R = L/(kA) or R = ΔT/Q. Learn how to analyze heat flow through materials with worked examples.

Mohr's Circle

Mohr's circle formulas: sigma_avg = (sx+sy)/2, R = sqrt[((sx-sy)/2)^2 + tau^2]. Graphical stress transformation method for engineers.

Bending Moment Formula

Reference for bending moment formulas for supported, cantilever, and fixed beams. Covers M = F × d, shear force diagrams, and beam deflection equations.

Darcy-Weisbach Equation

Reference for the Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe friction pressure drop. Covers friction factor, flow velocity, pipe diameter, and Moody chart usage.

Factor of Safety

Learn the factor of safety formula used in engineering design to prevent structural failure, with worked examples and guidelines.

Natural Frequency

Learn the natural frequency formula for spring-mass systems and vibrating structures, with worked examples and applications.

Nusselt Number

Nusselt number formula Nu = hL/k for convective heat transfer. Includes correlations for common geometries and worked examples.

Euler's Buckling Load Formula

Euler's column buckling formula calculates the critical load at which a slender column buckles. Learn structural stability with examples.

Fluid Flow Formulas

Reference for fluid flow formulas: continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, and Poiseuille's law for viscous pipe flow with units and worked examples.

Gear Ratio Formula

Calculate gear ratio from teeth count or shaft speeds. Understand torque multiplication and speed reduction with worked examples.

Heat Exchanger LMTD Method

Calculate heat exchanger performance using Q = UA x LMTD, where LMTD is the log mean temperature difference between fluids.

Hydraulic Pressure Formula (Pascal's Law)

Calculate hydraulic force multiplication using Pascal's law (F1/A1=F2/A2). Find output force, cylinder area, or line pressure in pascals with examples.

Impedance Formula (AC Circuits)

Impedance combines resistance and reactance in AC circuits. Learn Z = √(R² + X²) and complex impedance with worked examples.

Moment of Inertia (Common Shapes)

Moment of inertia formulas for common shapes including rectangles, circles, I-beams, and hollow sections. For structural engineering.

Ohm's Law Power Wheel

The complete Ohm's law power wheel with all 12 formulas relating voltage, current, resistance, and power in electrical circuits.

Power Transmission Formula

Reference for P = T × ω and P = F × v power transmission formulas for shafts, belts, and gears. Covers torque, angular velocity, and motor sizing efficiency.

Pump Power Formula

Calculate pump power using P = ρgQH/η, relating fluid density, flow rate, head, and pump efficiency to required power input.

Shear Stress Formula

The shear stress formula τ = F/A calculates the stress caused by forces acting parallel to a surface. Learn with practical engineering examples.

Signal Attenuation (Decibel Formula)

Signal attenuation measures how much a signal weakens over distance. Learn the decibel formula for power and voltage with examples.

Stress-Strain and Young's Modulus

Calculate stress, strain, and Young's modulus for materials under tension or compression. Covers elastic limit, yield strength, and deformation examples.

Thermal Conductivity Formula

Reference for the thermal conductivity formula q = kA(dT/dx). Calculate heat flow through walls, insulation, and materials with conductivity value tables.

Wheatstone Bridge Formula

The Wheatstone bridge measures unknown resistance with high precision. Learn the balance condition formula with practical examples.

Beam Deflection Formula

Reference for beam deflection formulas for simply supported, cantilever, and fixed beams. Covers δ = FL³/48EI for point and distributed loads with examples.

Efficiency Formula

Calculate how effectively a system converts input energy to useful output. Applies to engines, motors, and any energy system.

Gear Ratio Formula

Calculate gear ratio from driving and driven gear tooth counts. Returns RPM reduction, torque multiplication, and compound gear train ratios for machines.

Power Factor Formula

Calculate power factor PF = Real Power / Apparent Power. Returns efficiency ratio, reactive power in VAR, and capacitor sizing for power factor correction.

Torque Formula

Calculate rotational force (torque) from force and lever arm distance. Essential for mechanical and automotive engineering.

Bernoulli's Equation

Understand Bernoulli's equation: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant. Essential for fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and hydraulic engineering.

Heat Transfer by Conduction (Fourier's Law)

Calculate steady-state heat conduction using Q/t = kA(T1-T2)/d. Covers thermal conductivity values for metals, glass, and insulation with worked examples.

Moment of Force (Torque) Formula

Calculate torque using τ = F × d. Learn how force and distance from a pivot create rotational motion in mechanical systems.

Reynolds Number Formula

Calculate the Reynolds number using Re = ρvL/μ. Determine whether fluid flow is laminar or turbulent in pipes and channels.

Strain Formula

Calculate engineering strain using ε = ΔL/L₀. Understand how materials deform under load with this fundamental mechanics formula.

Stress Formula

Calculate mechanical stress using σ = F/A. Learn how force per unit area determines material stress in engineering applications.

Thermal Expansion Formula

Thermal expansion formula ΔL = αL₀ΔT predicts how materials expand with heat. Covers linear and volumetric expansion for steel, aluminum, concrete, and glass.

Young's Modulus Formula

Calculate Young's modulus (elastic modulus) using E = σ/ε. Understand material stiffness and the relationship between stress and strain.