Sports Science Formulas
Sports science and exercise physiology formulas explained with examples.
Heart Rate Reserve Formula
Learn the Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) formula and the Karvonen method for calculating personalized training heart rate zones.
Lactate Threshold Formula
Understand lactate threshold — how it is measured, estimated, and used to set training zones for endurance athletes.
Power-to-Weight Ratio Formula
Calculate power-to-weight ratio (W/kg) for cyclists and endurance athletes. Understand why it predicts climbing performance.
Training Stress Score Formula
Learn the Training Stress Score (TSS) formula used to quantify workout load. Understand how TSS drives fitness and fatigue models.
VO2 Max Formula
Understand the VO2 Max formula — the Fick equation and field estimation methods for measuring aerobic capacity.