Electrical Engineering Formulas

Electrical Power Formula (P = IV)

Calculate electrical power with P = IV, P = I squared R, and P = V squared / R. Worked examples for circuits and components.

Biot-Savart Law

The Biot-Savart Law calculates the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying conductor. Includes variables, worked examples, and applications.

Convolution Formula

Convolution computes the output of an LTI system given its impulse response and input. Used in signal processing, image filtering, and neural networks.

Power Triangle Formula (AC Circuits)

Reference for the power triangle formula relating real power (W), reactive power (VAR), and apparent power (VA). Essential for power factor correction.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Formula

Reference for the SNR formula. Measures how much stronger a signal is than background noise. Used in audio, radio, telecommunications, and electronics.

Transfer Function and Bode Plot Formulas

Transfer functions describe LTI systems in the Laplace domain. Bode plots show magnitude and phase response vs frequency on logarithmic axes.

Z-Transform Formula

Reference for the Z-transform formula. Converts discrete-time signals into the frequency domain. The digital equivalent of the Laplace transform for DSP.

RL Time Constant Formula

Calculate the RL time constant using τ = L/R. Understand how inductors and resistors control current rise and decay in circuits.

Skin Depth Formula

Calculate electromagnetic skin depth using delta = sqrt(2rho/(omega*mu)). Essential for high-frequency conductor and antenna design.

Impedance Formula

Calculate total impedance in AC circuits from resistance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance. Find phase angle for series and parallel RLC circuits.

LC Resonant Frequency

Reference for LC resonant frequency f = 1 / (2π√LC). Covers inductance, capacitance, and applications in radio tuning, bandpass filters, and oscillators.

Transformer Ratio Formula

Calculate transformer turns ratio Np/Ns = Vp/Vs. Returns voltage and current transformation for step-up and step-down transformers with power conservation.

Voltage Divider Formula

Calculate the output voltage of a two-resistor voltage divider from input voltage and resistor values. Includes Vout = Vin*(R2/(R1+R2)) with practical examples.

Capacitance Formula

Learn the capacitance formula C = Q/V and how capacitors combine in series and parallel. Essential for circuit design and energy storage.

Electrical Power Formula

Calculate electrical power using P = VI, P = I²R, and P = V²/R. Essential for circuit design, energy consumption, and component sizing.

Inductance Formula

Learn the inductance formula V = L(dI/dt) and how inductors combine in series and parallel. Key to understanding electromagnetic circuits.

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff's current law: the sum of currents entering a node equals the sum leaving. Essential for circuit analysis and node equations.

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoff's voltage law: the sum of all voltages around any closed loop equals zero. Fundamental to circuit analysis and mesh equations.

Ohm's Law Formula

Reference for Ohm's law (V=IR) — the fundamental relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Covers power forms P=IV and P=I^2*R with examples.

RC Time Constant Formula

Calculate the RC time constant using τ = RC. Understand how resistors and capacitors control charging and discharging rates in circuits.

Resistors in Series and Parallel

Calculate total resistance for resistors in series (R = R₁+R₂+...) and parallel (1/R = 1/R₁+1/R₂+...). Essential for circuit design.